The breaking, uprooting, and blowing down of trees during a windstorm . Evergreen trees are more likely to be blown down than deciduous trees. This is because windstorms occur more often in winter than in summer and in winter deciduous trees have shed their leaves and, therefore, offer less resistance to the wind than do [...]

The change of phase that occurs when a liquid becomes a gas, absorbing latent heat to supply the energy required for the change. In the liquidphase, molecules form small groups that are constantly breaking and rejoining and that can slide easily past one another. At the surface of the liquid, even when it is cold, [...]

The extent by which the thickness of a layer of snow or ice increases over time through the addition of new snow or ice. It represents the amount of material added, minus the amount lost during the same period through ablation.

The use of the remains of beetles to infer past climatic conditions. The wing cases (elytra) of beetles are often preserved in the soil. The species can often be identified from the elytra and the elytra can be dated . The technique is possible because many species of beetles live only where the temperature remains [...]

The institution that was founded in 1917 by Vilhelm Bjerknes and his colleagues at Bergen, Norway. It had formerly been part of the Ber-gen Museum. Bjerknes and his team of meteorologists developed the Institute as a center for meteorological research, and the ideas that were produced there in the 1920sand 1930s are often attributed to [...]

The reduction in air pressure that occurs when a wind blows across a convex surface, such as a ridged roof or the wing of an airplane, provided that the flow is laminar . This effect results from the Bernoulli principle discovered by Daniel Bernoulli , which states that the pressure within a fluid changes inversely [...]

A type of radioactive decay in which an unstable atomic nucleus changes into a nucleus with the same mass, but a different number of protons. There are two ways the decay can occur. A neutron may change into a proton with the emission of an electron and an antineutrino, or a proton may change into [...]

Any object (or body) that absorbs all of the radiant energy to which it is exposed and then radiates its acquired energy at the maximum rate possible for the temperature it has reached is known as a blackbody. The energy radiated by a blackbody is known as blackbody radiation. The concept of the blackbody grew [...]

A wind that is accompanied by heavy snow and a low air temperature. The National Weather Service defines a blizzard as a wind of at least 35 MPH (56 km/h), a temperature not above 20°F (-7°C), and snow that is either falling heavily enough to produce a layer at least 10 inches (250 mm) deep [...]

The situation in which a particular type of weather persists for much longer than is usual, because the movement of air that would ordinarily bring a change in the weather is obstructed or diverted. Blocking occurs in middle latitudes, and it can last for a month or more, although it usually lasts for about two [...]